The Disillusionment of the Vietnam War Essay - 982 Words

President Dwight Eisenhower conditionally pledged to support South Vietnam’s new nation in 1955. In the time period between 1955-1961 the United States pumped seven billion dollars in aid so that Vietnam would not â€Å"go over quickly† like a â€Å"row of dominoes† (McNamara 31). In the next 6 years Vietnam would cost America billions of dollars, thousands of lives, and the disaffection of much of the United States public. Yet in the end, South Vietnam would fall to the North less than 2 years after the United States military involvement ceased. From the year 1955 when the United States vowed to help support the South Vietnamese fight off the Northern communist, a total of about 60,000 soldiers dead and 300,000 wounded. The soldiers who offered†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In August of 1964, in response to the American and GVN espionage along its coast, the DRV launched a local and controlled attack against C. Turner Joy and the U.S.S. Maddox , two Ameri can ships on call in the Gulf of Tonkin† (Brigham 2). This resulted in the United States government giving Lyndon Johnson the ability to make war under the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. President Johnson then gave orders to perform air raids on Northern Vietnam pushing the United States further into the war. Compared to 1962 when only 9,000 soldiers supported the South Vietnamese, by June 1965 82,000 soldiers occupied the country. The number only continued to rise exponentially, and by 1966 370,000 soldiers had been sent in to prop their South Vietnam allies. President Richard Nixon withdrew American soldiers from Vietnam and as part of the â€Å"vietnamization† of the war. Over and 60,000 American soldiers had been lost in a war to preserve the status quo, not to win. The United States spent more than 120 billion dollars on the Vietnam War in efforts to stop the spread of communism. How much of this money ended up in the private accounts of the series of presidents that r uled South Vietnam will never be brought to light. Corruption was rife in the government and military of South Vietnam. This immense amount of money was merely squandered away on the war effort that was brought to an inconclusive end. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe 1950s : A Decade Of Prosperity, Conformity, And Consensus1470 Words   |  6 PagesKylie Suitum Hist 406 Final Paper 12/11/15 Historians tend to portray the 1950’s as a decade of prosperity, conformity, and consensus, and the 1960’s as a decade of turbulence, protest, and disillusionment. Do you agree or disagree with this view? Show evidence to support your argument. With the overwhelming amount of Levittown houses, the obsession to obtain the perfect American â€Å"ideal family† as seen on TV and the unspoken agreement to fear any and all foreign ideas and values, the 1950s wereRead MoreDisillusionment In Literature1616 Words   |  7 Pagesenlightened, a band-aid is ripped off to reveal the frightening world people live in. They begin to see the gory inner workings of systems meant to keep the blanket of naivete over their eyes. In a world of uncertainties, disillusionment is this blanket of protection. Disillusionment is â€Å"a feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.† (Merriam-webster) An unwelcome/traumatic event usually spurs this blanket of disappointment to be pulledRead MoreWhy Did The Tet Offensive Affect America s Societal Opinion On The Involvement Of The Vietnam War1739 Words   |  7 PagesIn january, 1968 the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam war was launched. The Tet Offensive was a carefully planned military campaign composed of surprise attacks on the republic of Vietnam by the communist parties of North and South Vietnam during the vietnamese holiday, Tet. The Tet offensive, militarily was a massive defeat for the communist parties of Vietnam, however it led to mass disillusionment within the U.S., diminishing public support for the war, inevitably forcing a withdrawal of U.S. troopsRead Moreâ€Å"Today It Is Becoming Increasingly Apparent To Thoughtful938 Words   |  4 Pagesabroad and maintain any form of imperialism at home. The war has done this to our thinking.†(Willkie). After a war, a responsible superpower would provide the ideals of a democracy, such as popular sovereignty and limited government. However after the second world war, the United States acted opposite of its highest standards, instead keeping in mind only of expansionism and corrupted ways to be the best. In its world interventions in Vietnam , Nicaragua and Afghanistan, the US behaved more as an empireRead MoreMedia and American Withdrawal From Vietnam Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesMedia and American Withdrawal From Vietnam The history of Vietnam is characterised by struggles for independence since French rule in 1859 after the French took Saigon, and a great ability in warfare and continual determined resistance to foreign domination. Major military involvement by American armed forces came after events such as Russian communist revolution in 1917 and the Korean War in the 1950s; these events put the America people in a period of moral panic Read MoreNovel Without a Name1090 Words   |  5 PagesNovel without a Name Novel without a name by Duong Thu Huong provided a real insight on war from the Vietnamese point of view. Readers are able to contemplate with the themes that reoccur, what the war truly is like, and the effects it causes on the people, society, and the individual. Three main reoccurring themes of this novel were disillusionment of the war, betrayal, and the loss of innocence that the war causes on a human being. â€Å"How proud were we of our youth! Ten years ago the day we leftRead More06.07 Dissilusionment Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿06.07 Disillusionment: Assignment Question: Explain how events such as the Vietnam War and Watergate affected the American public’s opinion of the U.S government. Part I: Read the question above and write down what you think the question is asking in your own words. I think that this question is asking for the American public perception of the US government and their elected officials during both of these events. Both the Vietnam War and Watergate events had big impacts on American societyRead MorePort Huron Statement Analysis956 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1962 America was going through a tough period, marked by the Cold War, against USSR and its communism. This was also the time of the Vietnam War and the Arms Race, with the possession of the nuclear weapon, and the president of the time, John F. Kennedy was a fervent believer in the â€Å"Domino Theory† and intended to contain communism. This situation was one of the elements that would lead to people’s dissatisfaction and fear, and to many contestations through popular means, like music, for exampleRead MoreThe Origins Of The War967 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore we can talk about President Johnson’s decision to escalate the war in Vietnam we need to go back a little further . According to Bill Moyers at PBS the origins of the war started in 1945 when the British chose to ignore Ho Chi Minh’s declaration of independence and restored French rule to the country. After a long drawn out conflict with Ho Chi Minh’s forces and a massive defeat at Dien Bien Phu, the French finally left Vietnam in 1954. (Moyers, B.) Before Johnson took office Eisenhower and KennedyRead MoreEssay on Protest Songs Throughout the Vietnam War1445 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout all the anti-war protests and marches during the Vietnam War, it is interesting to note the changes in the music of that time. From the beginning of the war, where support and loyalty from Americans was present in songs, to the end of the war, where anger and distrust was evident in musical lyrics, American’s opinion changed about the war. This change in opinion was easily recognized by the altering of musical lyrics about the war when Americans grew tired of the constant sending of U

Argumentative Essay On Columbine - 1305 Words

The book Columbine by Dave Cullen has been banned for its content about the Columbine School Shooting and the psychology behind the shooting. It was censored from students because of this content that, while being sensitive and triggering to those who are against gun violence or have PTSD from a situation like this, can help spread awareness about school shootings in a world where events such as the Columbine School Shooting are slowly becoming more and more common. This book, having graphic details about the shooting that can upset people who read it, is a book that can be taught, as its merits, literary qualities, and educational value justify it as a book that teachers can use to bring up valuable points in discussion and teach valuable†¦show more content†¦They savagely murder thirteen high school students and staff, and before ending their own lives in the library, injure many more such as Patrick Ireland, who was shot in the head yet somehow, clinging to life, managed to survive and graduate as valedictorian the next year. Cassie Bernall, one of the Columbine students who was murdered by Dylan Klebold, was long regarded as a martyr, yet it was actually another high school student, Columbine survivor Valeen Schnurr, was the one who was actually asked if she believed in God by Dylan. When Valeen said yes, she was shot by Dylan and survived, later telling her story to others. Coach Dave Sanders, who was shot during the initial attack, survived for a few hours before succumbing to blood loss. His family sued the police as it was shown he could’ve been saved by S.W.A.T but wasn’t. Parents of the kids who were killed in the shooting were upset and fuming at the same time. When parents of the passed were allowed to pay respects to their children, Brian Rohrbough was almost censored when he called Columbine School District â€Å"godless† and ended with a bible verse, Isaiah 48:22, saying â€Å"There is no peace for the wicked†. This book shows the plan, execution and aftermath of the Columbine School Shooting, and shows the lasting effects, both physical and emotional, an event such as this can have on a group of human beings. A book such as Columbine has literary qualities, merits, and educational value that can justifyShow MoreRelatedEssay Writing Forms and Styles1402 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Forms and styles This section describes the different forms and styles of essay writing. These forms and styles are used by a range of authors, including university students and professional essayists. [edit]Cause and effect The defining features of a cause and effect essay are causal chains that connect from a cause to an effect, careful language, and chronological or emphatic order. A writer using this rhetorical method must consider the subjectRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Biggest Problem917 Words   |  4 Pagestwo weeks than I had ever done in an English class. I knew that I had a lot of weaknesses, but with hard work and just maybe a little luck those weaknesses soon began to turn into strengths. When we had our first big essay to write I did not prepare very well at all for the essay. My biggest problem was I did not have the will to work on it outside of class. Having the paper turned in on time was going to be another problem for me. When I saw what I made on the paper I knew that I had even moreRead MoreArgumentative Essay Gun Control1410 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ English 101 Argumentative/Persuasive Essay 4/12/2013 Word Count 1,255 Readability 12.3 There are new proposed gun control laws in the aftermath of the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut that occurred on December 14th, 2012. This incident claimed the lives of twenty 1st graders and six adults and has set the government in motion to try to prevent future acts of violence by strengthening gun control laws in the United StatesRead Moredsfsdsfs4469 Words   |  18 Pagesfor each payment, which will include a link to easy cancellation instructions. Essay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Essay (disambiguation). Essays of Michel de Montaigne An essay is generally a short piece of writing written from an author s personal point of view, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, politicalRead MoreMedia Violence9754 Words   |  40 Pagesnormalization of aggression and the lack of empathy in our society. Study after study has shown that viewing encourages aggression and desensitization in children. The debate is over. Media violence causes violence among those who are exposed to it. This essay describes how the depiction of violence is evolving in a number of media formats. It analyzes how, and why, violence is used by entertainment and information industries. It offers an overview of research findings, an outline of government responses

Suffolk County Legislators Free Essays

Today, we are in an age where local government is extremely important. Each county of every state has elected legislators that represent town throughout that county. I have selected two legislators which are both republican. We will write a custom essay sample on Suffolk County Legislators or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first is Cameron Alden a 49 year old man that represents the greater Bay Shore Area. He is also on the Conservative and Independence lines. The second legislator is Angie Carpenter, a very nice lady, that represents West Islip. Cameron Alden was born on August 28, 1950, in Bay Shore and grew up in Islip, Long Island, New York. He graduated Islip High School in 1968, where he played varsity football, basketball and baseball. Mr. Alden graduated from Suffolk County Community College in 1970 with an AA degree. He was a member of the SCCC varsity baseball team. Mr. Alden graduated from Dowling College in 1974. He was a member of the Pi Alpha Sigma Honor Society and played varsity basketball and golf Mr. Alden attended Tuoro Law School, graduating in 1990 with a Juris Doctor. He was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1991. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) Prior to attending Law School he was a local Bay Shore business owner. A catering/grocery store and school bus companies were among those he owned. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) Alden chose community-development work after undergoing a mastectomy during a bout with male breast cancer in law school, which â€Å"totally changed my focus† to an interest in public service.(Interview) He practiced law at the Town of Islip Community Development Agency, which provides affordable housing and economic development projects in the Town of Islip. He is a former Assistant Town Attorney for the Town of Islip. Cameron Alden was elected to serve as a Legislator for the Tenth District and sworn into office January 2, 1998. Legislator Alden has been selected by his colleagues to serve as Vice-Chairman of the Parks/Land Preservation and Planning Committee. In addition Legislator Alden is a member of the Energy/Environment and Transportation, Health and Human Services, Public Works, and Finance Committees. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) The 10th Suffolk County Legislative District (L.D.) serves Islip, East Islip, Bay Shore and Brentwood. There are 52 election districts (E.D.s) with 33,058 registered voters. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) Alden says his primary focus would be to ease the burdens on taxpayers. A critic of the LILCO-LIPA deal, Alden admits he does not yet have many specific legislative initiatives but says he is the better candidate because his fiscal policies would be more conservative. (Interview) Currently Cameron is working on a proposed bill that would support the elimination of taxes on clothing in Suffolk county. This proposed bill would enable signs 6to be erected throughout Nassau asking consumers to come shop in Suffolk due to its no lax bill as long as the clothing items are under one hundred and ten dollars. He has also worked on such other bill like trying to raise the salaries of Suffolk county legislators because he fells they are underpaid. Mr. Alden does not really receive a large amount or Pac money from anyone but he does have many supporters. These supporters include the Police and other safety bureaus and also many factory unions. (Interview) Angie Carpenter was born on Long Island in the mid fifties and is currently happily married and a mother of two. (Interview) Angie’s dedication to the community is what led to her nomination to run for the Legislature, a position she has held since February 1993. (Interview) Legislator Angie M. Carpenter is founder of ACT Communications Group, a full-service advertising and marketing company specializing in multi-media graphic design and printing. The business is currently run by her sons Richard and Robert enabling her to devote her attention full-time to her duties as an elected official in Suffolk Government, but still affording her the opportunity to remain sensitive to the concerns of the business community. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) Angie continues to devote her time and efforts to her community and constituents. As former Chairman of the Legislature’s Economic Development and Education Committee, Angie Carpenter worked to bring the Touro School of Health Services to downtown Bay Shore which is opening early in 1999. She has worked tirelessly to increase aid to Suffolk Community College, and led the fight to cut tuition costs so that the college is affordable for all of our residents. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) She continues in her role as an avid supporter of the college and is extremely proud of the fact that the fastest growing campus of Suffolk County Community College is in her legislative district. Angie worked from the beginning, to see the construction of the $54 million-dollar Health and Technology Building scheduled to be completed in the Fall Semester of 2000 (Interview). Angie has almost served every committee during her tenure on the Suffolk County Legislature. Currently Angie is serving as the Legislature’s Budget Committee Chairman, and Vice Chairman of the Public Safety Committee. She continues to serve as a member of the Economic Development and Education Committee, Budget Committee, Consumer Protection, Labor and Investigations, and Veterans and Seniors, as well as the Public Safety Committee, Parks, Planning and Land Preservation Committee, the Health and Human Service Committee, Sports Committee, and the Public Works Committee. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) In the past, Angie has helped in implementing a mass transportation public information program for Suffolk County, enacted a linked Deposit Program to promote local business expansion, directed the County Health Department to provide free testing for prostate cancer and cosponsored a resolution to provide environmentally safe golf course management to help protect our groundwater and hopefully help reduce the risk of breast cancer. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) She has made efforts to invest in the county†s Timber Point Golf Course to maximize its economic potential and preserve jobs for the county workers employed there. (Interview) Most recently, Angie co-sponsored legislation to rollback sales tax on clothing and shoe purchases under on hundred and ten dollars per item. Angie has also sponsored a resolution to â€Å"boot† the vehicles of deadbeat parents that are not complying with the child support payments. This â€Å"booting† of cars is huge lock that goes over the tire and wheel and makes automobile impossible to drive. A resolution that Angie sponsored last year now requires the Suffolk County Health department to hold annual Public Hearing and Health Fair. This gives government an opportunity to hear first hand from our residents about the County†s health care delivery system and also raises public awareness or what is available. (Interview) Over the years, Angie’s commitment to her community has been recognized time and again with honors from Islip Town, Boy Scouts of America, Loyal Order of the Moose, The American Legion, Pronto, Zonta International, the West Islip and Bay Shore School Districts and Suffolk County Arts Council, to name a few. She has been involved in the community as President and founder of the Chamber Council of Islip Town, President of the West Islip Chamber of Commerce, Vanderbilt Museum Trustee, Board of Our Lady of Consolation, Salvation Army, Youth Enrichment Services and ASK US (an after school care program in West Islip). (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) Angie has dedicated her efforts to the growth and expansion of business here in Suffolk. She has brought education to the forefront as one of the many issues addressed under her leadership, and continues her unwavering commitment to her family, community, and those she was elected to serve. (www.co.suffolk.ny.us) She receives her support from many people including the Police, the Suffolk County UNE, and many other unions countywide. (Interview) Legislators, Cameron and Angie are very willing to do what their people are asking for and sacrifice a lot of their time to make their residents happy. In my own opinion I think Angie Carpenter is a better Legislator than Cameron Alden because I feel Angie had sponsored and produced more bills than he has and in my eyes she is a nicer and more heart worthy person. How to cite Suffolk County Legislators, Essay examples

Aurora Textile Company free essay sample

Aurora Textile Company Summary: In early 2003, Michael, CFO of Aurora Textile Company, is deciding whether or not to install a new machine called Zinser 351 in order to save the declined sales and increase its competitive force. In deciding whether or not to invest Zinser 351, it is important to get the NPV and the payback period. To get the NPV and the payback period, we firstly need to forecast the future cash flows that the new machine will generate. We found the ten-year NPV to be $3,171,551 based on the FCFs that we forecast. Also, we use the payback period to analyze the acceptance of this project. We found that the discounted payback period is 5. 69, which is less than the arbitrary cutoff point of 7. 87. Based on our forecast, the company should invest in the Zinser 351 because of the positive NPV and relatively small payback period Body: In our analysis, we determined that NPV is the most important factor determining if we should accept or reject the Zinser 351 project. Secondly, we established that the payback period is another contributing force in our decision. The payback period tells us whether we can earn some money in the set period of time but this model has a few drawbacks, such as ignoring timing of cash flows and the positive cash flow after the payback period. In both calculations, NPV and payback period, we forecasted future cash flows (free cash flow). In order to forecast the free cash flow for the next ten years, we needed to first predict the operating cash flows—By adding EBIT to depreciation, less tax. To predict the next ten years of EBIT, we needed the proper sales figures, which we calculated by multiplying volume by sales price. According to our spreadsheet, the sales price is $1. 1259 and we assume volume to decrease at a rate of 95 percent of the expected volume without Zinser per year—(95% of 120,000). After calculating the operating cash flow for the next ten years, we needed to find estimated FCF (Free Cash Flow). We found FCF by subtracting capital expense and change in NWC from OCF. Then, we used these FCFs to calculate the ten-year NPV. Our calculations yielded a NPV of $3,171,551 as we use the hurdle rate of 10%. In conclusion, the NPV for the long-term forecasts is positive so we should accept to install the Zinser 351. Moreover, after predicting the next ten-year discounted free cash flows, we were able to calculate the discounted payback period of 5. 69, comparing with the arbitrary cut off point 7. 87. For the arbitrary cut off point, we use the average return on equity (net income/total equity) of the past 4 years, which is -12. 702%, because it is more accurate and consistent than using the ROE of 2002. Then, we assume that all the equity leaves the company at 12. 702%per year. Hence, the company can maintain operations for 7. 87 years (1/12. 702% = 7. 87). Ultimately, if the Zinser 351’s payback period is more than 7. 87 years, the company will go bankrupt. According to the spreadsheet, we are able to report that our payback period, 5. 69, is less than 7. 87 and that we should accept to install Zinser 351. On the other hand, there are some issues of concern that we need to address if we use Zinser 351. First of all, the sale price will jump from $5 to $10 by using Zinser 351. This increase in price needs to be countered, so, we need to face the global competition from those foreign textile companies with lower costs. According to our spreadsheet, we can see the sales with Zinser is larger than the sales without Zinser, whereas the COGS with Zinser is lower than without Zinser,; thus, our profit margin will be widened in order. Also, the customer’s preference has forced the industry to improve the quality and we believe Zinser 351 will produce that desired high quality product which will give us an edge against those competitors. Additionally, Zinser can effectively decrease the amount of inventory that we use to run the business in comparison to the old machine. As we know, Zinser can reduce the cotton inventories form 30 days to 20 days—dropping around 714,285. 71 pounds of inventory—per month opening the door for roughly $321,428. 57 of savings per month. Even though the old plant manager suggests using the cost-minimizing strategy, we suggest to consider the way we mentioned above. Then, we have determined the company is better off using Zinser because the WTO lifted the ban on quotas in 2005 resulting in increased competition. With the increased competition we will see that the upply of textiles will increase and force downward pressure on prices. Only the companies with high quality products can survive in this intense competition. We believe Zinser makes the company more competitive than those rivals because of the high quality outputs. According the sensitivity analysis, we still retain a positive NPV and relatively small payback period with Zinser, even after a 35% price drop. Furthermore, using Zinser can dramatically change our company’s outlook because its return as percent of volume is 1% (the return as percent of volume without Zinser is 1. 5%). As our sensitivity analysis shows, the NPV with (without) Zinser is $3,171,551 (-$908,887) and the discounted payback period is 5. 69 (8. 28). Finally, there is a cost-benefit approach for investing in the Zinser project that shareholders benefit. As we can see the declined sales for the past four years, the financial situation will be deteriorated continuously if we do nothing. Even though we give up our old machine for a little bit of a loss, we can still get the positive NPV for next ten years which is good for the shareholders because this project can consistently increase the financial situation. In conclusion, we should accept Zinser 351 because of the positive ten-year NPV, $3,171,551, and the fact the payback period, 5. 69, is less than the arbitrary cut off point 7. 87. Also, we can reap some merits for using Zinser, such as meeting the strict customer preference, decreasing the inventory, increasing the competitive force, decreasing the product return rate, and improving the financial situation of the company.

Financial Risk and Return Considerations Essay Sample free essay sample

1. [ Financial Risk and Return Considerations ] Explain how you would take between the undermentioned state of affairss. Develop your replies from the position of the rules of entrepreneurial finance presented earlier in the chapter. You may get at your replies with or without doing existent computations. A. You have $ 1. 000 to put for one twelvemonth ( this would be a luxury for most enterprisers ) . You can gain a 4 % involvement rate for one twelvemonth at the Third First bank or a 5 % involvement rate at the First Fourth bank. Which savings history investing would you take and why? Third First bank: $ 1. 000 ten 1. 04 = $ 1. 040First Fourth bank: $ 1. 000 ten 1. 05 = $ 1. 050 The First Fourth bank loan would be preferred because you would have $ 10 more ( $ 1. 050 versus $ 1. 040 ) at the terminal of one twelvemonth. This illustration illustrates the rule: â€Å"real. human. and fiscal capital must be rented from proprietors. † The clip value of money is an of import constituent of the rent one wage for utilizing person else’s fiscal capital. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Risk and Return Considerations Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page B. A â€Å"friend† of yours will impart you $ 10. 000 for one twelvemonth if you agree to refund him $ 1. 000 involvement plus returning the $ 10. 000 investing. A 2nd â€Å"friend. † has merely $ 5. 000 to impart to you but wants entire financess of $ 5. 400 in refund at the terminal of one twelvemonth. Which loan would you take and why? First friend: $ 1. 000/ $ 10. 000 = 10 % involvement rateSecond friend: $ 400/ $ 5. 000 = 8 % involvement rate The 2nd friend is offering you a lower involvement rate ( 8 % versus 10 % ) which would be preferred. other things being equal. This illustration illustrates the rule: â€Å"real. human. and fiscal capital must be rented from proprietors. † The clip value of money is an of import constituent of the rent one wage for utilizing person else’s fiscal capital. However. the dollar sum of fiscal that is needed besides must be considered. For illustration. if you â€Å"need† $ 10. 000 so the lower involvement rate $ 5. 000 loan is non a feasible option. The lone feasible pick might be to borrow $ 10. 000 at the 10 per centum rate of involvement. C. You have the chance to put $ 3. 000 in one of two investings. The first investing would pay you either $ 2. 700 or $ 3. 300 at the terminal of one twelvemonth depending on the success of the venture. The 2nd investing would pay you either $ 2. 000 or $ 4. 000 at the terminal of one twelvemonth depending on the success of the venture. Which investing would you take and why? Now. would your reply alteration if your investing were merely $ 1? Low ResultHigh ResultExpected ValueFirst investing: $ 2. 700 $ 3. 300 ( $ 2. 700 + $ 3. 300 ) /2 = $ 3. 000 Second investing: $ 2. 000 $ 4. 000 ( $ 2. 000 + $ 4. 000 ) /2 = $ 3. 000 A 2nd rule of entrepreneurial finance is: â€Å"risk and expected wages travel manus in manus. † â€Å"Risk† is reflected in the scattering or scope of results. Each investing sum is $ 3. 000 and the expected return on norm is $ 3. 000 for each investing. However. the 2nd investing is considered to be riskier in that you might really have merely $ 2. 000 or two-thirds of your investing at the terminal of one twelvemonth. Since the investing sums and expected values are the same. risk-averse investors would prefer the first investing because it has less scattering hazard. However. when investings are really little ( or are perceived to be little by a specific investor ) . some investors might do the riskier investing in the â€Å"hope† the highest return will happen. This is sometimes called the â€Å"lottery† consequence in that investors know there is a high chance that they will lose all of their investing but they are willing to set about the investing in the hope they will have the high final payment even though the odds of making so are really. really little. Bankruptcy or failure state of affairss may besides do the investor ( enterpriser ) to take the riskier investing. For illustration. let’s assume that you will necessitate $ 3. 500 in order to maintain your concern afloat. Since merely the riskier 2nd investing has the possibility of paying at least $ 3. 500. the 2nd investing might be selected. D. An outside venture investor is sing puting $ 100. 000 in either your new venture or in another venture. or put $ 50. 000 in each venture. At the terminal of one twelvemonth. the value of the venture might be either $ 0 or $ 1. 000. 000. The other venture is expected to be deserving either $ 50. 000 or $ 500. 000 at the terminal of one twelvemonth. Which investing pick ( yours. the other venture. or half-and-half ) do you believe the venture investor would take to put in? Why? Low ResultHigh ResultExpected ValueYour venture: $ 0 $ 1. 000. 000 ( $ 0 + $ 1. 000. 000 ) /2 = $ 500. 000 Other venture: $ 50. 000 $ 500. 000 ( $ 50. 000 + $ 500. 000 ) /2 = $ 275. 000Half-and-half: $ 25. 000 $ 750. 000 ( $ 25. 000 + $ 750. 000 ) /2 = $ 387. 500 Under the half-and-half option. $ 50. 000 is invested in each venture. The low consequence result is $ 25. 000 ( $ 0 + $ 25. 000 ) and the high consequence result is $ 750. 000 ( $ 250. 000 + $ 500. 000 ) . In actuality there are two more possible results under the half-and-half option. They are: $ 250. 000 ( $ 0 + $ 250. 000 ) and $ 525. 000 ( $ 25. 000 + $ 500. 000 ) . Therefore. the more complete half-and-half computation would be: ( $ 25. 000 + $ 250. 000 + $ 525. 000 + $ 750. 000 ) /4 = $ 387. 500. A venture investor who is non really risk averse might take your venture to put in since there is a possibility of having $ 1. 000. 000 in return for seting up $ 100. 000. Of class. such an investor could lose all of his/her investing if the low consequence occurs. A more hazard averse venture investor might take to put in merely the other venture where he/she could lose merely $ 50. 000 of the $ 100. 000 investing if the low consequence occurs with the possibility of having a upper limit of $ 500. 000 if the high consequence possibility occurs. By uniting the two venture investings in a â€Å"portfolio. † the consequence is frequently less scattering hazard. In the above illustration. the lowest sumreturned would be $ 25. 000 ( alternatively of nothing for merely your venture ) . However. the highest sum returned besides would be lower at $ 750. 000 ( alternatively of the possibility of $ 1. 000. 000 for your venture ) . The concluding determination will depend on the venture investor’s willingness to merchandise off a lower expected return for less scattering hazard.

Polis - Ancient Greek City-States

Polis - Ancient Greek City-States The polis (plural, poleis)- also known as a city-state- was the ancient Greek city-state. The word politics comes from this Greek word. In the ancient world, the polis was a nucleus, the central urban area that could also have controlled the surrounding countryside. (The word polis could also refer to the citys body of citizens.)  This surrounding countryside (chora or ge) could also be considered part of the polis. Hansen and Nielsen say there were around 1500 archaic and classical Greek poleis. The region formed by a  cluster of poleis, bound geographically and ethnically, was an ethnos (pl. ethne).   Pseudo-Aristotle defines the Greek polis as an assemblage of houses, lands, and property sufficient to enable the inhabitants to lead a civilized life [Pounds]. It was often a lowland, agricultural central area surrounded by protective hills. It may have started as numerous separate villages that banded together when its mass became large enough to be almost self-sustaining. The Largest Greek Polis The polis of Athens, the largest of the Greek poleis, was the birthplace of democracy. Aristotle saw the household oikos as the basic social unit of the polis, according to J. Roy. Athens was the urban center of Attica; Thebes of Boeotia; Sparta of the southwestern Peloponnese, etc. At least 343 poleis belonged, at some point, to the Delian League, according to Pounds. Hansen and Nielsen provide a list with member poleis from the regions of Lakonia, the Saronic Gulf (to the west of Corinth), Euboia, the Aegean, Macedonia, Mygdonia, Bisaltia, Chalkidike, Thrace, Pontus, the Pronpontos, Lesbos, Aiolis, Ionia, Karia, Lykia, Rhodes, Pamphyli, Kilikia, and poleis from unlocated regions. The End of the Greek Polis It is common to consider the Greek polis ended at the Battle of Chaironeia, in 338 B.C, but An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis argues that this is based on the assumption that the polis required autonomy and that was not the case. Citizens continued to run their citys business even into the Roman period. Sources An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, edited by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, (Oxford University Press: 2004).An Historical Geography of Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330; by Norman John Greville Pounds. American Council of Learned Societies. Cambridge University Press 1973.Polis and Oikos in Classical Athens, by J. Roy; Greece Rome, Second Series, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Apr., 1999), pp. 1-18, citing Aristotles Politics 1253B 1-14.

Women In the US Army Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Women In the US Army - Research Paper Example Opposing the traditional socio-religious barriers to and prejudices that women are best suited for indoor activities due to their psychophysical fragility, women’s position in outdoor activities was reinforced by their participation in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corp. Indeed the root of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corp lies in the women’s unarmed services â€Å"with the Army under contract and as volunteers during World War I as communications specialists and dietitians† (Bellafiare 4). Subsequently, a bill regarding women’s inclusion into the US Army as regular personnel with equal pay, equal legal protection, disability benefits, pensions and medical care was proposed by Edith Nourse Rogers, the Congresswoman of Massachusetts. But Rogers’ propositions did not go unchallenged since â€Å"both the Army and the American public initially had difficulty accepting the concept of women in uniform† (Moore 34). Finally, Rogers’ c ommittee and the US Military authority came to a compromise regarding the women’s legal rights in the army and the Womens Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) became existent in 1942 by Public Law 554 () as a branch "for the purpose of making available to the national defense the knowledge, skill, and special training of the women of the nation." (Bellafaire 7). Later, the WAAC gained the full status of an army branch, being converted to Women’s Army Corp (WAC) in 1943. About 150,000 American women â€Å"served in the Womens Army Corps (WAC) during World War 11. Members of the WAC were the first women other than nurses to serve within the ranks of the United States Army† (Bellafiare 5). Though Rogers’s idea was to provide the women with full status of army personnel in the US Army, due to the novelty of the idea and social barriers and prejudice towards women’s participation in armed activities, the WAAC members did not have the full rights that their male counterpart had

Strategic Management Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management Analysis - Essay Example The selection of this company is largely based upon the well known Thomas Cook brand, which is practically synonymous with packaged vacations as well as specific vacation related financial services and products. Additionally the company’s publicized commitment to a sustainable approach both to and within the tourism sector and destinations deserves the due recognition and is furthermore one of the factors for the selection of the Thomas Cook Group. The Thomas Cook Group, as a company per se, was established in 1841 by Thomas Cook who at the time was a providing excursions for fellow temperance members and campaigners and is credited with marketing the first private excursion train (Williamson 1998). This therefore makes the company almost 170 years old, which can certainly be seen as an asset in the view of competing travel related companies and service providers within the broader tourism industry. According to the latest annual report (Thomas Cook 2009) provided by the company the staff compliment is in excess of 31,000 people, catering to over 22 million customers, and in turn generating revenue in 2009 of  £9.3 billion. In addition to offering travel, travel related, packaged travel, and financial services in the broader travel sector, the company operates 95 aircraft, predominantly operating within and from the country of Germany in Europe. In so far as geographic location and representation is concerned, the group is r epresented by company owned and franchised stores in 5 geographic regions, within 21 different countries. The Thomas Cook Group has certainly grown over the years, and it appears that sound strategic management has been at the center of this growth, based largely upon acquisitions and mergers to access specific sectors of the tourism market. The analysis of the business’ history and timeline so to speak provides valuable insight into specific strategically related process, and management decisions within the group as it in turn allows us

Vitamin A and skin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Vitamin A and skin - Essay Example While some claims have some rationale and are based on adequate research, it must be accepted that some of these claims are quite spurious with lack of adequate and extensive evidence from research before them being recommended to be used (Weiss et al., 1988). In this assignment one such claim published in a reputed newspaper will be critically examined whether local dermal application of vitamin A could be recommended to delay or reverse aging of the skin, whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic aging. The report that will be examined here was published in Science Daily, May 22, 2007, issue with the heading "Vitamin A Helps Reduce Wrinkles Associated With Natural Skin Aging" which states essentially that there has been research which supports a claim that local application of vitamin A to the skin apparently improves the wrinkled appearance of the skin associated with natural aging. This claim has been correlated to the findings from research that locally applied vitamin A may promote repair of these age wrinkles through production of "skin building compounds". The claims can be quoted here. The main claim was "Topical retinol improves fine wrinkles associated with natural aging" and to support this, in this report there are two other claims which point to the scientific basis of the claim, which are "Significant induction of glycosaminglycan, which is known to retain substantial water, and increased collagen production are most likely responsible for wrinkle effacement" and "With greater skin matrix synthesis [production of compounds that form skin], retinol-treated aged skin is more likely to withstand skin injury and ulcer formation along with improved appearance" (JAMA and Archives Journals, 2007, May 22). Identical reports supporting these claims also appeared in the Internet version of Cosmetics Design (Pitman, 2007). Scientific Evidence for the Claim The authors of this media report bases on a scientific journal article published in the Archive of Dermatology from the American Medical Association. For the purpose of better critical analysis of the rationale behind such claims, this writer has accessed that article by Kafi et al. (2007). The findings from that critical review will be presented in a subsequent section of this assignment. However, it appears from this report that the reporter in this media report utilizes quotation from that article to provide the lay reader a grasp of scientific rationale behind such claim. In the beginning of the report, the two different forms of aging of skin have been discussed. It is well known that age-associated wrinkles and brown spots appear prominently in the exposed skin, and although sun exposure has been related to aging through a less dramatic identical process, the intrinsic aging process in the skin that occurs naturally causes the skin to lose its appearance due to changes in its t exture. The natural aging renders the skin "thinner, laxer and more finely wrinkled", more prominent in specific areas such as upper inner arm (JAMA and Archives Journals, 2007, May 22). Histologically, this can be correlated to a reduced synthesis of collagens and elastic tissues in the

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal Akinlabi Boluwarinde Oluwatosin BACKGROUND Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, most commonly for decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of a metal. There are also specific types of electroplating such as copper plating, silver plating, and chromium plating. Electroplating allows manufacturers to use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc for the majority of the product and then apply different metals on the outside to account for appearance, protection, and other properties desired for the product. The surface can be a metal or even plastic.[1] RESEARCH QUESTION How does varying the voltage of the circuit affect the rate of electroplating a metal with copper? HYPOTHESIS The voltage of the cell also known as the E.M.F (electromotive force) is known to be the force that drives the current thhrough the circuit. It is expected that by increasing the Voltage the circuit will lead to an increase in the rate of electroplating the metal as more current will flow easily throughout the circuit. VARIABLES Independent Variable The voltage of the circuit Dependent Variable The mass of pure copper electroplated onto the metal Controlled Variable The amount of time allowed for reaction The concentration of the electrolyte solution The metal rod used CONTROL OF VARIABLES The amount of time allowed for reaction to occur will be measured with the use of a stopwatch. The voltage of the circuit will be increased by a fix aed amount of 1.5V to keep the experiment and easily measure a changein rate. The same metal rod will be used throughout the experiment for all trials and of the different voltage. The mass of the metal rod to be used is 7g APPARATUS Cells Low resistance wire Copper solid Electrolyte (copper sulphate solution) Electric Balance Stopwatch Metal rod Voltmeter Beaker METHOD I Setup the circuit as shown in the diagram below. I measured the initial mass of the metal and recorded it.Starting with one cell of 1.5V. I closed the circuit and allowed the reaction to occur for 10 minutes. I removed the electroplated metal and measured its mass and recorded it in the table. I Repeated the experiment increasing the number of cell each time and recorded the mass of the of the electroplated metal each time. SAFTEY PRECAUTIONS There is the risk of electrocution if care is not taken. To avoid this the use of well protected wires is necessary and great care must be taken when carrying out the experiment. DATA COLLECTION Raw Data Voltage /v Mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 1.5 7.8 7.9 7.9 3.0 8.9 8.7 8.8 4.5 10.0 9.9 9.9 6.0 11.1 11.2 10.9 Qualitative Observations: The pure copper solid used became faded after it was used in the electrolysis reaction. There was still some residue of copper left on the metal rod after rinsing it. The voltage recorded by the voltmeter was not constant but varried in range that was close to the desired value The mass of the metal rod used is 7g Processed Data Voltage /v Mean Average mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Mass of copper added to rod /g  ± 0.1g 1.5 7.9 0.9 3.0 8.8 1.8 4.5 9.9 2.9 6.0 11.1 4.1 The data has been processed. The mean of the three trials for each voltage has been calculated and represented on the table above as Mean Average mass of metal. Also the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod was calculated using the equation: Graph 1 Graph 2 CONCLUSION As expected when there was an increase in the voltage flowing in the circuit the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod increased too. This is because as the voltage increases a larger number of electrons flow from the cell or battery into the anode which causes the formation of copper ions to occur faster and so more ions are attracted to the metal rod (cathode) in the given time. The relationship between mass of copper electroplated and voltage can be seen on both graph 1 and graph 2 above. In graph 1 there is an increase in mass as voltage increases but the graph obtained is a slight curve rather than a straight line which indicates random errors, this could likely be due to the voltage fluctuating in circuit. Graph 2 shows a line of best fit for the graph and it is a straight line graph as expected, the error bars are plotted as well. The line passes through all the error bar ranges but does not touch any of the points on the graph and it does not pass through the origin (0,0), this may be due to systematic errors such as errors in the electric balance when measuring the mass of the metal rod before and after electroplating. The linear correlation is 0.998, which suggest very strong correlation between the two variables. EVALUATION The graph of values obtained was not exactly the same as what was expeted. A straight line graph starting from the origin was the expected graph but the graph ontained after a lin of bestt fit was plotted started from the y-intercept -0.25. This was due to errors in the experiment. Random errors such as the fluctuation of the voltage flowing through the circuit as a result of the chemicl reactions going on in the cell led to some of these errors. The voltmeter showed values that ranged from below to above the value of the voltage required indicating that this variable was not kept constant. The deviations were very little and not too far from the required voltage but were still enough to cause errors. It is also possible that because the same solution was used for all trials not all the copper ions had been electroplated onto the metal rod, this could have altered the concentration of the electrolyte (copper sulphate) leading to more errors as the concentration of the electrolyte als o has an effect on the rate of electroplating. Systematic errors were also present throughout the experiment, errors in measuring the mass of the of the metal rod before and after electroplating and also in measuring the mass of the anhydrous copper sulfate solution. This may have been due to poor caliberation before the experiment was carried out. The copper used may also have not been pure as it is possible that there were impurities in the copper solid used. Finally not all of the copper was rinsed off the metal rod before it was used for the next trial which could have altered the total mass when the mass of the metal after electro plating was measured. Errors in measuring the volume of water to be added to the beaker could also have been present. Systematic errors in the stopwatch used such as the delay in starting when the timer was started. The experiment also depended on human reaction time which is known to less accurate than machines, this will have led to more errors. It is impossible to keep the voltage of the cells constant but the range of values can be reduced by using new cells. The eleectric balance cshould be well caliberated before carring out the experiment and a balance with a higher degree of accuracy and sensitivity (measures to more decimal places) could be used. Before each trial a new electrolyte solution could be used to avoid any changes in concentration during the experiment. The experiment could have been automated using a switch that opened after ten minutes from when it was closed to eliminate the error as a result of dependence on human response time. The experiment could also have been repeated more times to reduce errors and increase accuracy. Also a lager rane of voltages could have been tested to gain more data for better more accurate analysis. [1]  http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Electrochemistry/Electrolytic_Cells/Electroplating

Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself :: Ethics Kant Formula End Itself Essays

Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself ABSTRACT: Is Kant’s "Formula of the End in Itself" overly demanding? In addressing this question, I sketch a conception of co-obligation, that is, a sort of moral requirement that holds, not of persons distributively, but of persons collectively. I then raise a problem of devolution: How does a co-obligation for all persons devolve upon me? For instance, given that we must maximize happiness, it does not seem to follow that I must always act so as to maximize happiness. In partial answer to this problem, I claim that some Kantian duties do stem from co-obligations. But this claim has as a crucial assumption the following conjecture: The "Formula of the End in Itself" is to be read as implying that we must treat each person as an end and not simply as a means. I Kant’s Formula of the End in Itself, with its conception of treating persons as ends and not simply as means, has had enormous influence in the history of ethics. In this talk, I shall discuss an objection to it, namely, that it is overly demanding. To begin with, let me state this objection more fully: Suppose that, in obedience to the Formula, you want to treat your friend as an end (and not simply as a means). Your action of treating her as an end can be either a positive one or a negative one. When it is positive, she is (in some way) the object of your agency — for example, you might treat her as an end by saving her life. In contrast, when it is negative, she is not the object of your agency — for example, you might treat her as an end by refraining from lying to her. Now the obligation to treat a person as an end is not overly demanding, when such an act is a negative one. For then you are simply obligated not to do something, an obligation that you can fully comply with by exercising self-control. For instance, it is hardly burdensome to refrain from lying to people. However, when the act is a positive one, the obligation to treat a person as an end can often be overly demanding. For then your obligation to her can be a good-Samaritan one, requiring you not to allow other persons to treat her simply as a means. But an obligation of this sort can be quite difficult to comply with, because you cannot exercise the same control over other persons that you can over yourself.